Nestled atop a hill at 760 meters above sea level, Ebel el Saqi is a village that epitomizes the harmonious blend of natural beauty and cultural heritage. Located in South Lebanon, approximately 106 kilometers from Beirut, this village is renowned for its rich biodiversity, particularly within the Hima Ebel el Saqi—a protected area established on September 4, 2004, under the auspices of the Society for the Protection of Nature in Lebanon (SPNL). This Hima serves as a sanctuary for a myriad of plant species, offering a living testament to Lebanon’s ecological wealth.
A Mosaic of Habitats
Hima Ebel el Saqi encompasses a variety of habitats, each contributing uniquely to the area’s floral diversity. The dominant feature is the pine forest, primarily composed of Pinus pinea (stone pine) and Pinus halepensis (Aleppo pine), which were planted in the 1960s and 1970s by the Ministry of Agriculture. These trees have matured into an impressive forest that provides essential shelter for various species, including the Levant Sparrowhawk and Short-toed Eagle.
Adjacent to the forest lies a scrubland and rocky outcrop area, characterized by rugged terrain that supports a rich array of flora. This habitat is particularly significant for plant species adapted to arid and rocky conditions, contributing to the overall biodiversity of the region.
The Hasbani River ecotone is another vital component of the Hima. This ecological corridor links open scrubland with the river, creating a unique environment where moisture-loving plants thrive alongside typical Mediterranean species. The riverbanks are adorned with vegetation that not only stabilizes the soil but also provides habitat for various fauna.
The Hasbani River: Lifeblood of the Hima
The Hasbani River, known as the Snir Stream in Hebrew, is the major tributary of the Jordan River, flowing through Lebanon, the Golan Heights, and Israel. Originating from springs in Lebanon, including the Wazzani and Haqzbieh, the river runs for about 40 kilometers before joining the Jordan River.
In the context of Hima Ebel el Saqi, the Hasbani River plays a pivotal role in sustaining the area’s biodiversity. Its waters nourish the surrounding landscapes, supporting both plant and animal life. The river’s ecotone serves as a habitat for species such as the Night Heron and Water Rail, highlighting its ecological importance.
Floral Diversity Captured
During her monitoring field visits, SPNL project manager Stephanie Ferando documented the rich floral diversity of Hima Ebel el Saqi. Her photographs reveal a tapestry of plant species that reflect the area’s unique ecological character.
One notable species is the Black Iris (Iris nigricans), an endemic and endangered plant that thrives in the harsh environments of the region. This striking flower adds to the botanical richness of the Hima.
The olive groves surrounding the village are another significant feature. These ancient trees not only contribute to the scenic beauty but also represent the tight relationship between the locals and their land. The olive trees are a main source of income for most inhabitants, known for their tasty fruits and high-quality oil.
Cultural and Historical Significance
Ebel el Saqi’s name reflects its rich water resources, with “Ebel” meaning “source” or “spring” in Aramaic, and “Saqi” referring to “water carrier” in Arabic. The village’s history dates back to biblical times, known as “Ebel el Miyah” (Ebel of the Waters) and “Ebel el Zayt” (Ebel of the Oil), highlighting its historical abundance of water and olive oil.
The village boasts several historic and archaeological sites, including El-Qbaibé, with old Jewish burial sites, and the Tell, where “Aldaii Ammar,” the first martyr of the Druze pretension, was killed. The solidarity among its people—Christians and Druze—adds to the cultural richness of the area.
Conservation Efforts and Ecotourism
The establishment of Hima Ebel el Saqi has been instrumental in preserving the area’s biodiversity. SPNL’s efforts in managing the Hima have led to the protection of various habitats, ensuring the survival of numerous plant and animal species. The Hima also serves as an excellent spot for bird watching, attracting ecotourists and contributing to the local economy.
The integration of conservation and community involvement is evident in the management of the Hima. Local residents participate in sustainable practices, such as traditional olive farming, which not only preserves cultural heritage but also supports biodiversity. Educational programs and workshops are conducted to raise awareness about the importance of conservation, fostering a sense of stewardship among the community.
Challenges and Future Prospects
Despite the successes, Hima Ebel el Saqi faces challenges that require ongoing attention. The pressures of urbanization, climate change, and potential over-extraction of water resources pose threats to the delicate balance of the ecosystem. Continuous monitoring and adaptive management strategies are essential to mitigate these risks.
SPNL, in collaboration with local and international partners, is working towards enhancing the resilience of the Hima. Initiatives include habitat restoration projects, sustainable agriculture practices, and the promotion of ecotourism as a means of ensuring long-term conservation.
Hima Ebel el Saqi stands as a beacon of hope for conservation in Lebanon, demonstrating that with dedicated efforts, it is possible to protect biodiversity while maintaining a sustainable relationship between people and nature. Through the lens of conservation, Stephanie Ferando’s documentation serves as a reminder of the beauty that exists in the region and the responsibility to preserve it for future generations.
